2021

Abortion

1. Do you generally support pro-choice or pro-life legislation?
- Pro-life

Budget

1. In order to balance the budget, do you support an income tax increase on any tax bracket?
- No

2. Do you support expanding federal funding to support entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare?
- No

Campaign Finance

1. Do you support the regulation of indirect campaign contributions from corporations and unions?
- Unknown Position

Crime

1. Do you support the protection of government officials, including law enforcement officers, from personal liability in civil lawsuits concerning alleged misconduct?
- Unknown Position

Defense

Do you support increasing defense spending?
- Yes

Economy

1. Do you support federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

2. Do you support lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

3. Do you support providing financial relief to businesses AND/OR corporations negatively impacted by the state of national emergency for COVID-19?
- Unknown Position

Education

1. Do you support requiring states to adopt federal education standards?
- No

Energy and Environment

1. Do you support government funding for the development of renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, geo-thermal)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions?
- No

Guns

1. Do you generally support gun-control legislation?
- No

Health Care

1. Do you support repealing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")?
- Yes

2. Do you support requiring businesses to provide paid medical leave during public health crises, such as COVID-19?
- Unknown Position

Immigration

1. Do you support the construction of a wall along the Mexican border?
- Yes

2. Do you support requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship?
- Yes

National Security

1. Should the United States use military force to prevent governments hostile to the U.S. from possessing a weapon of mass destruction (for example: nuclear, biological, chemical)?
- Unknown Position

2. Do you support reducing military intervention in Middle East conflicts?
- Unknown Position

Trade

Do you generally support removing barriers to international trade (for example: tariffs, quotas, etc.)?
- Yes

Congressional Election 2002 National Political Awareness Test

Abortion

1. Abortions should always be illegal.
- No Answer

2. Abortions should always be legally available.
- No Answer

3. Abortions should be legal only within the first trimester of pregnancy.
- No Answer

4. Abortions should be legal when the pregnancy resulted from incest or rape.
- No Answer

5. Abortions should be legal when the life of the woman is endangered.
- No Answer

6. Eliminate public funding for abortions and public funding of organizations that advocate or perform abortions.
- X

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending and Tax Issues, Part 1: Budget Priorities

1. Agricultural
- Maintain Funding Status

2. Arts
- Slightly Decrease Funding

3. Defense
- Greatly Increase Funding

4. Education
- Maintain Funding Status

5. Environmental
- Maintain Funding Status

6. International Aid
- Maintain Funding Status

7. Law Enforcement
- Slightly Increase Funding

8. Medical Research
- Greatly Increase Funding

9. National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA)
- Maintain Funding Status

10. National Parks
- Slightly Increase Funding

11. Public Health Services
- No Answer

12. Scientific Research
- Greatly Increase Funding

13. Terrorism Prevention
- Greatly Increase Funding

14. Transportation and Highway Infrastructure
- Maintain Funding Status

15. Welfare
- Slightly Decrease Funding

16. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending and Tax Issues, Part 2: Defense Spending

1. Armed Forces personnel training
- Greatly Increase Funding

2. Covert intelligence operations
- Greatly Increase Funding

3. Military hardware
- Greatly Increase Funding

4. Pay for active duty personnel
- Greatly Increase Funding

5. National Missile Defense Program
- Greatly Increase Funding

6. Programs to improve military retention rates
- Greatly Increase Funding

7. Research and development of new weapons
- Greatly Increase Funding

8. Troop and equipment readiness
- Greatly Increase Funding

9. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending and Tax Issues, Part 3: Taxes (A)

1. Less than $25,000
- Eliminate

2. $25,000 - $75,000
- Greatly Decrease

3. $75,000 - $150,000
- Greatly Decrease

4. Over $150,000
- Greatly Decrease

5. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

6. Over $40, 000
- Greatly Decrease

7. Alcohol taxes
- Slightly Decrease

8. Capital gains taxes
- Eliminate

9. Cigarette taxes
- Maintain Status

10. Corporate taxes
- Maintain Status

11. Gasoline taxes
- Slightly Decrease

12. Inheritance taxes
- Eliminate

13. Charitable deductions
- Slightly Increase

14. Medical expense deductions
- Greatly Increase

15. Mortgage deductions
- Maintain Status

16. Child tax credit
- Slightly Increase

17. Earned income tax credit
- Maintain Status

18. Student loan tax credit
- Maintain Status

Budgetary, Spending and Tax Issues, Part 4: Taxes (B)

1. Should a married couple filing jointly pay the same taxes as if they were an unmarried couple filing separately?
- Yes

2. Would you use Social Security surpluses to balance the budget?
- No

Campaign Finance and Governmental Reform

1. Support public taxpayer funding for congressional candidates who comply with campaign spending limits.
- No Answer

2. Increase the amount individuals are permitted to contribute to federal campaigns.
- X

3. Prohibit Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions to candidates for federal office.
- No Answer

4. Provide free or low-cost television advertising to candidates who agree to voluntary campaign spending limits.
- No Answer

5. Ban unregulated soft money campaign contributions to political parties or committees.
- No Answer

6. Prohibit non-U.S. citizens from making soft money contributions to national parties or party committees.
- X

7. Require full disclosure of funding sources of issue advocacy commercials which appear within 60 days of an election.
- No Answer

8. Remove all contribution limits to federal candidates and parties.
- No Answer

9. Require congressional candidates to raise over half of their campaign money from their home state.
- X

10. Require that unions give members the option of not having membership dues used for political purposes.
- X

11. Support the federal government mandate that creates national voting system standards.
- No Answer

12. Do you support amending the Constitution to limit the number of terms that members of Congress can serve?
- No Answer

13. Do you support voting on-line?
- No Answer

14. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Crime

1. Eliminate the use of the death penalty for federal crimes.
- No Answer

2. Increase spending to build more federal prisons.
- X

3. Impose "truth in sentencing" for violent criminals so they serve full sentences with no chance of parole.
- X

4. Support programs to provide prison inmates with vocational and job-related skills and job-placement assistance when released.
- No Answer

5. Support programs to provide prison inmates with drug and alcohol addiction treatment.
- No Answer

6. Increase funding for community policing programs.
- X

7. Implement penalties other than incarceration for certain non-violent offenders.
- No Answer

8. Require that crimes based on gender, sexual orientation, and disability be prosecuted as federal hate crimes.
- No Answer

9. Enforcement of civil rights should primarily be the responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

10. Minors accused of a violent crime should be prosecuted as adults.
- X

11. Support programs that provide job training and placement services for at-risk youth.
- X

12. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Drug

1. Increase penalties for selling illegal drugs.
- X

2. Support mandatory jail sentences for selling illegal drugs.
- X

3. Expand federally sponsored drug education and drug treatment programs.
- No Answer

4. Decriminalize the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes.
- No Answer

5. Increase border security to stop the flow of illegal drugs into the U.S.
- X

6. Eliminate federal funding for programs associated with the "war on drugs."
- No Answer

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Educational

1. Support national standards and testing of public school students.
- No Answer

2. Allow parents to use vouchers (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any publicly-funded school.
- No Answer

3. Allow parents to use vouchers (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any participating school: public, private or religious.
- X

4. Support charter schools where teachers and professionals receive authorization and funding to establish new schools.
- X

5. Increase funding for block grants to states to help them hire additional teachers.
- X

6. Support teacher testing and reward teachers with merit pay.
- X

7. Increase funding for computers and computer training in public schools.
- No Answer

8. Increase funding for school capital improvements (e.g. buildings and infrastructure).
- No Answer

9. Eliminate restrictions on federal education funding, giving educators or local school districts more flexibility to design and implement their programs.
- X

10. Increase funding of programs such as Pell grants and Stafford loans to help students pay for college.
- X

11. Support federal tax incentives to help families save for college.
- X

12. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Employment and Affirmative Action

1. Increase funding for national job-training programs that re-train displaced workers or teach skills needed in today's job market.
- No Answer

2. Reduce government regulation of the private sector in order to encourage investment and economic expansion.
- X

3. Establish empowerment zones in areas with large numbers of unemployed people.
- X

4. Provide tax credits for businesses that provide child care for their employees.
- No Answer

5. Encourage employers to offer flex-time scheduling, comp-time, and unpaid leave for family emergencies.
- X

6. Eliminate any federal programs designed to reduce unemployment.
- No Answer

7. Increase the federal minimum wage.
- No Answer

8. Considering race and gender in government contracting decisions is appropriate for the federal government.
- No Answer

9. Include sexual orientation in federal anti-discrimination laws.
- No Answer

10. Continue federal affirmative action programs.
- No Answer

11. Discontinue federal affirmative action programs.
- X

12. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Environmental and Energy

1. Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Water Act.
- No Answer

2. Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Air Act.
- No Answer

3. Support opening a select portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for oil exploration.
- X

4. Support the U.S. re-entering the current Kyoto treaty process to limit global warming.
- No Answer

5. Require states to fully compensate citizens when environmental regulations limit uses of privately owned land.
- X

6. Promote increased use of alternative fuel technology.
- X

7. Strengthen emission controls on all gasoline or diesel-powered engines, including cars, trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
- No Answer

8. Provide tax credits for state and local bonds to preserve open spaces, build parks, improve water quality and redevelop brownfields.
- No Answer

9. Support the National Forest Protection and Restoration Act prohibiting commercial logging in our national forests.
- No Answer

10. Provide states and local communities with more flexibility to address their respective environmental problems.
- X

11. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Gun

1. Ban the sale or transfer of semi-automatic guns, except those used for hunting.
- No Answer

2. Maintain and strengthen the enforcement of existing federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- No Answer

3. Ease federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- X

4. Repeal federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- No Answer

5. Allow citizens to carry concealed guns.
- X

6. Require manufacturers to provide child-safety locks on guns.
- No Answer

7. Require background checks on gun sales between private citizens at gun shows.
- No Answer

8. Require a license for gun possession.
- No Answer

9. Raise the minimum age for ownership of handguns from 18 to 21.
- No Answer

10. Other or expanded principles
- X

Health

1. Providing health care is not a responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

2. Implement a universal health care program to guarantee coverage to all Americans regardless of income.
- No Answer

3. Support a Patient's Bill of Rights to define and enforce the rights of insured patients, including greater access to specialists and emergency rooms, wider choice of health care providers, and appeal mechanisms when claims are denied.
- X

4. Support a Patient's Bill of Rights which includes the right to sue when claims are denied.
- X

5. Support a Patient's Bill of Rights which includes the right to appeal to an administrative board of specialists when services are denied.
- X

6. Support legislation to provide prescription drug coverage under Medicare.
- X

7. Increase research funding of the human genome to find cures for diseases such as cancer, AIDS/HIV, Alzheimer's, and heart disease.
- No Answer

8. Increase federal funding for training health workers to recognize and respond to the release of biological agents.
- No Answer

9. Prohibit the procedure of cloning human embryos.
- No Answer

10. Other or expanded principles
- X

Immigration

1. Decrease the number of legal immigrants allowed into the country.
- X

2. Provide extra federal aid to states with higher numbers of immigrants for necessary medical and social services.
- No Answer

3. Prohibit states from passing laws that deny human services (medical care, education) to illegal immigrants or their children.
- No Answer

4. Increase the immigration quota for computer scientists and other information technology workers.
- X

5. Establish English as the official U.S. language.
- X

6. Collect fingerprint data from all U.S. visa applicants which would be accessible to all federal immigration-related agencies.
- X

7. Allow legalization for certain illegal immigrants working in the U.S.
- No Answer

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy and International Trade Issues, Part 1: International Aid

1. Aid should be granted to countries when extraordinary circumstances cause disaster and threaten civilian lives.
- No Answer

2. Aid should be granted to countries when it is in the security interests of the U. S.
- X

3. Aid should be granted to countries that are close allies of the U. S. and in need of financial/military assistance.
- X

4. Aid should be eliminated for any nation with documented human rights abuses.
- No Answer

5. Aid programs should be scaled back and eventually eliminated except for extraordinary circumstances.
- No Answer

6. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy and International Trade Issues, Part 2: International Policy

1. The U.S. should take military action against Iraq only as part of an international effort.
- No Answer

2. The U.S. should end the economic embargo against Iraq.
- No Answer

3. The U.S. should not continue to play a prominent leadership role in the peace process between Israel and the Palestine Authority.
- No Answer

4. The U.S. should support the formation of a Palestinian state.
- No Answer

5. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

6. The U.S. should participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions only when vital U.S. interests are involved.
- X

7. The U.S. should not commit military troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions.
- No Answer

8. The U.S. should withdraw completely from the United Nations.
- X

9. Should the U.S. have full diplomatic relations with Cuba?
- No Answer

10. Should the U.S. recognize and extend full diplomatic relations to Taiwan?
- Yes

11. Should the U.S. increase its financial support to Colombia for the "war on drugs?"
- Yes

12. Do you support the cooperative threat reduction programs with Russia to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons? ___ Yes ___ No ___ Undecided
- Yes

13. Do you support the recent withdrawal of the U.S. from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty in order to deploy a national missile defense system?
- Yes

14. Should the U.S. hold nations accountable for terrorists who operate from their country?
- Yes

International Aid, International Policy and International Trade Issues, Part 3: International Trade

1. Do you support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
- No Answer

2. Do you support the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
- No Answer

3. Do you support continued U.S. membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
- Yes

4. Do you support China becoming a member of the World Trade Organization?
- Yes

5. Should a nation's human rights record affect its normal trade relations (most favored nation) trading status with the United States? ___ Yes ___ No ___ Undecided
- Yes

6. Should the President have "fast-track" authority to negotiate trade agreements?
- Yes

7. Do you support the trade embargo against Cuba?
- No Answer

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

National Security

1. Do you support the President using military tribunals to try terrorist suspects when the President deems ordinary civil courts to be inappropriate or impractical?
- Yes

2. Should the U.S. adopt higher qualification rules for student visa applications from nations known to sponsor terrorism?
- Yes

3. Should law enforcement agencies be granted greater discretion to read mail and email, tap phones, and conduct random searches to prevent future terrorist attacks?
- Yes

4. Should federal law enforcement agencies share intelligence data with local law enforcement agencies?
- Yes

5. Should the federal government provide states with funding for homeland security?
- Yes

6. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Social Security

1. Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts which they manage themselves.
- X

2. Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts managed by private firms contracted by the government.
- X

3. The federal government should invest a portion of Social Security's assets collectively in stocks and bonds instead of U.S. Treasury securities.
- No Answer

4. Increase the payroll tax to better finance Social Security in its current form.
- No Answer

5. Lower Social Security's annual cost-of-living increases.
- No Answer

6. Support a "lock box" measure, limiting Congress's ability to spend Social Security and Medicare surpluses on any other federal programs except Social Security and Medicare, until each program's long-term solvency is guaranteed.
- X

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Technology

1. Continue the moratorium on Internet sales taxes.
- X

2. Implement regulation of Internet content by the federal government.
- No Answer

3. Regulation of the Internet should not be controlled by the federal government.
- No Answer

4. Support government mandates to curtail violent and sexual content on television.
- No Answer

5. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Welfare and Poverty

1. Support housing assistance for welfare recipients.
- X

2. Provide homeless families with apartment vouchers they can use to defray the cost of an apartment.
- X

3. Continue to give states and local governments responsibility for welfare programs through TANF block grants.
- X

4. Maintain current welfare-to-work requirements in order for states to qualify for block grants.
- X

5. Restore food stamp programs to legal immigrants.
- No Answer

6. Transfer homeless housing programs to states through block grants.
- X

7. Provide continued Medicaid benefits for those welfare recipients who have moved from welfare to work.
- X

8. Require states to return any unused welfare block grant funding to the federal government.
- No Answer

9. Direct federal poverty aid through religious, community-based, or other non-profit organizations.
- X

10. Provide states with additional funding for Medicaid programs to alleviate increasing state budget deficits.
- No Answer

11. Other or expanded principles
- X

Legislative Priorities

In a total of seventy-five (75) words or less, please explain what your top two or three priorities will be if elected. Please explain how you would obtain any additional funding needed to implement these priorities.
- No Answer

2019

Abortion

1. Do you generally support pro-choice or pro-life legislation?
- Pro-life

Budget

1. In order to balance the budget, do you support an income tax increase on any tax bracket?
- No

2. In order to balance the budget, do you support reducing defense spending?
- No

Campaign Finance

1. Do you support the regulation of indirect campaign contributions from corporations and unions?
- Unknown Position

Economy

1. Do you support federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth?
- No

2. Do you support lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

Education

1. Do you support requiring states to adopt federal education standards?
- No

Energy & Environment

1. Do you support government funding for the development of renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, thermal)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions?
- No

Guns

1. Do you generally support gun-control legislation?
- No

Health Care

1. Do you support repealing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")?
- Yes

Immigration

1. Do you support the construction of a wall along the Mexican border?
- Yes

2. Do you support requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship?
- Yes

Marijuana

Do you support the legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes?
- No

National Security

1. Should the United States use military force in order to prevent governments hostile to the U.S. from possessing a nuclear weapon?
- Yes

2. Do you support increased American intervention in Middle Eastern conflicts beyond air support?
- Unknown Position