On March 30, 2010, Zoeller joined thirteen other state attorneys general in a lawsuit against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The newly-elected attorney general stated that he would "join in the most appropriate legal actions available to represent the significant interests of our state in this matter." Under Indiana Code 4-6-8-2, which authorizes the state's attorney general to "make any reasonable or appropriate investigation or study of any such existing or proposed federal legislation whenever he is specifically requested so to do by any of this state's senators or representatives in congress and report the result thereof as requested," United States Senator Richard Lugar (R-Ind.) asked Zoeller to "conduct a legal analysis of the constitutionality of provisions of the federal healthcare bill" on January 5, 2010. The Indiana Attorney General had received similar inquiries from other congressmen, including Representatives Dan Burton (R-Ind.) and Mike Pence (R-Ind.), at around the same time. About a month later, Zoeller published a fifty-five page report on his findings. He argued that the bill "would add roughly half a million more Hoosiers to the Medicaid rolls and create unintended consequences for patients, taxpayers and Indiana's medical-device industry."

Zoeller took part in the oral arguments against the constitutionality of the individual mandate component of the law before the U.S. Supreme Court in March, 2012. Three months later, the Court ruled by a 5-4 vote to uphold the law, with the proviso that the mandate penalty be preserved in the form of a tax. Although he was disappointed in the court's decision, Zoeller defended the time and effort he invested in the lawsuit. “I still maintain it was not a frivolous case. It will give us guidance on what authority the federal government has and doesn’t have,” he told a reporter after the announcement. Zoeller also urged the public "to maintain civility and respect for the U.S. Supreme Court."

In February, 2012, Zoeller pushed successfully for legislative changes which are now in effect making it easier to prosecute traffickers and rescue victims.

Upon his election to the attorney general's office, Zoeller was tasked with developing ways to raise awareness about the human-trafficking industry and stifle its demand. As part of the nation-wide "Pillars of Hope" initiative, he founded the "Don't Buy the Lie" campaign that "aims to inform the public that purchasing sex is not a victimless crime and it fuels human trafficking." He serves as the co-chair of the Indiana Protection of Abused and Trafficked Humans (IPATH) task force. The task force has trained more than 2,000 people, ranging from law enforcement officers to hospitality workers, since the campaign launched in July, 2011.

In his capacity to protect Indiana consumers, Attorney General Zoeller filed a suit in Marion Superior Court against two Arizona-based home-rental companies accused of defrauding Indianapolis homeowners in preparation for the 2012 Super Bowl, which Indiana hosted. The companies offered services such as photographing and listing the homes of locals interested in renting to out-of-town fans seeking a place to stay while in town for the game. Super Week Lodging LCC and Major Home Rentalz guaranteed refunds for those whose homes did not get rented out, some of whom payed in excess of $1,400 in individual "online listing fees." The scam yielded almost $30,000 in total losses, according to the 21 complaints registered with the attorney general's office. "Although the Super Bowl brought positive attention and business to Indianapolis, it also brought in scammers who intended to deceive and take financial advantage of consumers," Zoeller explained after filing the lawsuits on March 1, 2012.

Approximately five months later, Zoeller announced that one of the companies, Super Week Lodging LCC, failed to respond to the state suit, forcing Marion County Superior Court judge to issue a default judgment. The judgment ordered the company to pay $217,725 in fines and restitution for reneging on rental agreements stemming from the 2012 Super Bowl and placed an injunction on the company to prevent future deceptive acts. Zoeller said the default judgment amounted to $40,975 in consumer restitution, $176,000 in civil penalties and $750 in costs.

Since 2009, Zoeller has orchestrated an annual program aimed at reversing the post-holiday season dry up of food donations to banks and drives to help the hungry. The March Against Hunger food drive charges all law firms in Indiana and in adjacent states' metropolitan areas to donate food and money to Indiana's 11 regional food banks. In 2011, 50 law firms in Indiana Ohio and Kentucky donated more than 6,000 pounds of food and raised $27,574. Owing in part to the recession, the poverty rate in the region was alarmingly high, with about one in six Indiana residents at risk of hunger. In 2012, Attorney General of Ohio Mike DeWine joined the effort.

Zoeller narrowly defeated Democrat Linda Pence to win election as Indiana's 42nd attorney general in the November 4, 2008 election. He was re-elected on November 6, 2012, defeating Kay Fleming (D). He did not seek re-election as attorney general in 2016.

Opposition to the Affordable Care Act

On March 30, 2010, Zoeller joined thirteen other state attorneys general in a lawsuit against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The newly-elected attorney general stated that he would "join in the most appropriate legal actions available to represent the significant interests of our state in this matter." Under Indiana Code 4-6-8-2, which authorizes the state's attorney general to "make any reasonable or appropriate investigation or study of any such existing or proposed federal legislation whenever he is specifically requested so to do by any of this state's senators or representatives in congress and report the result thereof as requested," United States Senator Richard Lugar (R-Ind.) asked Zoeller to "conduct a legal analysis of the constitutionality of provisions of the federal healthcare bill" on January 5, 2010. The Indiana Attorney General had received similar inquiries from other congressmen, including Representatives Dan Burton (R-Ind.) and Mike Pence (R-Ind.), at around the same time. About a month later, Zoeller published a fifty-five page report on his findings. He argued that the bill "would add roughly half a million more Hoosiers to the Medicaid rolls and create unintended consequences for patients, taxpayers and Indiana's medical-device industry."

Zoeller took part in the oral arguments against the constitutionality of the individual mandate component of the law before the U.S. Supreme Court in March, 2012. Three months later, the Court ruled by a 5-4 vote to uphold the law, with the proviso that the mandate penalty be preserved in the form of a tax. Although he was disappointed in the court's decision, Zoeller defended the time and effort he invested in the lawsuit. “I still maintain it was not a frivolous case. It will give us guidance on what authority the federal government has and doesn’t have,” he told a reporter after the announcement. Zoeller also urged the public "to maintain civility and respect for the U.S. Supreme Court."

Human-Trafficking

In February, 2012, Zoeller pushed successfully for legislative changes which are now in effect making it easier to prosecute traffickers and rescue victims.

Upon his election to the attorney general's office, Zoeller was tasked with developing ways to raise awareness about the human-trafficking industry and stifle its demand. As part of the nation-wide "Pillars of Hope" initiative, he founded the "Don't Buy the Lie" campaign that "aims to inform the public that purchasing sex is not a victimless crime and it fuels human trafficking." He serves as the co-chair of the Indiana Protection of Abused and Trafficked Humans (IPATH) task force. The task force has trained more than 2,000 people, ranging from law enforcement officers to hospitality workers, since the campaign launched in July, 2011.

Super Bowl renter scam

In his capacity to protect Indiana consumers, Attorney General Zoeller filed a suit in Marion Superior Court against two Arizona-based home-rental companies accused of defrauding Indianapolis homeowners in preparation for the 2012 Super Bowl, which Indiana hosted. The companies offered services such as photographing and listing the homes of locals interested in renting to out-of-town fans seeking a place to stay while in town for the game. Super Week Lodging LCC and Major Home Rentalz guaranteed refunds for those whose homes did not get rented out, some of whom payed in excess of $1,400 in individual "online listing fees." The scam yielded almost $30,000 in total losses, according to the 21 complaints registered with the attorney general's office. "Although the Super Bowl brought positive attention and business to Indianapolis, it also brought in scammers who intended to deceive and take financial advantage of consumers," Zoeller explained after filing the lawsuits on March 1, 2012.

Approximately five months later, Zoeller announced that one of the companies, Super Week Lodging LCC, failed to respond to the state suit, forcing Marion County Superior Court judge to issue a default judgment. The judgment ordered the company to pay $217,725 in fines and restitution for reneging on rental agreements stemming from the 2012 Super Bowl and placed an injunction on the company to prevent future deceptive acts. Zoeller said the default judgment amounted to $40,975 in consumer restitution, $176,000 in civil penalties and $750 in costs.

Poverty

Since 2009, Zoeller has orchestrated an annual program aimed at reversing the post-holiday season dry up of food donations to banks and drives to help the hungry. The March Against Hunger food drive charges all law firms in Indiana and in adjacent states' metropolitan areas to donate food and money to Indiana's 11 regional food banks. In 2011, 50 law firms in Indiana Ohio and Kentucky donated more than 6,000 pounds of food and raised $27,574. Owing in part to the recession, the poverty rate in the region was alarmingly high, with about one in six Indiana residents at risk of hunger. In 2012, Attorney General of Ohio Mike DeWine joined the effort.