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Quick Facts
Personal Details

Caucuses/Former Committees

Member, Afterschool Caucus

Member, Algae Energy Caucus

Member, Algeria Caucus

Member, Americans Abroad Caucus

Member, Bicameral Congressional Caucus on Parkinson's Disease

Member, Bipartisan Congressional Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease

Member, Bipartisan Cystic Fibrosis Caucus

Member, Caribbean Caucus

Member, Children's Caucus

Member, Coalition for Autism Research and Education

Member, Coast Guard Caucus

Member, Community College Caucus

Member, Congressional Academic Medicine Caucus

Member, Congressional Afghan Caucus

Member, Congressional Animal Protection Caucus

Member, Congressional Anti-Bullying Caucus

Member, Congressional Anti-Terrorism Caucus

Member, Congressional Army Caucus

Member, Congressional Arts Caucus

Member, Congressional Asthma and Allergy Caucus

Member, Congressional Bicameral High-Speed and Intercity Passenger Rail Caucus

Member, Congressional Black Caucus

Member, Congressional Black Caucus Energy and the Environment Taskforce

Member, Congressional Black Caucus Gaming Taskforce

Member, Congressional Boating Caucus

Member, Congressional Caucus on Foster Youth

Member, Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues

Member, Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans

Member, Congressional Caucus on Missing, Exploited and Runaway Children

Member, Congressional Caucus on the European Union

Member, Congressional Caucus on the Judicial Branch

Member, Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans

Member, Congressional Caucus on Women in the Military

Co-Founder/Co-Chair, Congressional Caucus to End Homelessness

Member, Congressional Coastal Caucus

Member, Congressional Contaminated Drywall Caucus

Member, Congressional Diabetes Caucus

Member, Congressional Fire Services Caucus

Member, Congressional French Caucus

Member, Congressional Gaming Caucus

Member, Congressional Gulf Coast Caucus

Member, Congressional Heart and Stroke Coalition

Member, Congressional HIV/AIDS Caucus

Member, Congressional Humanities Caucus

Member, Congressional Human Rights Caucus

Member, Congressional Human Trafficking Caucus

Member, Congressional Mental Health Caucus

Member, Congressional Morocco Caucus

Member, Congressional Narcotics Abuse and Control Caucus

Member, Congressional Older Americans Caucus

Member, Congressional Out of Poverty Caucus

Member, Congressional Philanthropy Caucus

Co-Chair/Co-Founder, Congressional Pollinator Protection Caucus

Member, Congressional Singapore Caucus

Member, Congressional Social Work Caucus

Member, Congressional Taiwan Caucus

Member, Congressional Task Force Against Anti-Semitism

Member, Congressional Trails Caucus

Member, Congressional Travel and Tourism Caucus

Member, Congressional TRIO Caucus

Member, Congressional Ukrainian Caucus

Member, Congressional Universal Health Care Reform Caucus

Member, Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus

Member, Congressional Zoo & Aquarium Caucus

Member, Dairy Farmers Caucus

Member, Democratic Caucus

Co-Chair, Democratic Caucus' Congressional Task Force on Job Creation

Co-Chair, Democratic Caucus’ Jobs Task Force

Member, Democratic Homeland Security Task Force

Co-chair, Democratic Israel Working Group

Member, Democratic Select Committee on Election Reform

Former Vice Chair, Democratic Select Committee on Election Reform

Member, Diversity and Innovation Caucus

Co-chair, Everglades Caucus

Chair, Florida Congressional Delegation

Member, Friends of Canada Caucus

Vice-Chair, Friends of Jordan Caucus

Member, Friends of Norway Caucus

Member, Friends of Switzerland Caucus

Co-chair, Global Road Safety Caucus

Member, Home Health Caucus

Member, House Cancer Caucus

Member, House Hunger Caucus

Member, House Special Operations Forces Caucus

Member, House Specialty Crop Caucus

Co-chair, House Sugar Caucus

Member, House Trade Working Group

Member, Housing Stabilization Task Force

Member, India Caucus

Member, International Conservation Caucus

Member, International Workers Rights Caucus

Member, Labor and Working Families Caucus

Member, Land Conservation Caucus

Member, LGBT Equality Caucus

Member, Macedonia Caucus

Member, Malaria Caucus

Member, Minor League Baseball Caucus

Member, National Eating Disorders Awareness Caucus

Member, National Marine Sanctuary Caucus

Member, National Parks Caucus

Member, Native American Caucus

Member, NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus

Former Vice Chair, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, United States House of Representatives

Member, Populist Caucus

Member, PORTS Caucus

Member, Port Security Caucus

Member, Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Caucus

Member, Rural Education Caucus

Member, Rural Health Care Coalition

Member, Sportsman's Caucus

Former Member, Subcommittee on Intelligence Community Management

Former Member, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Human Intelligence, Analysis, and Counterintelligence

Member, Sudan Caucus

Member, Tuberculosis Elimination Caucus

Co-Chair/Co-Founder, Tunisia Caucus

Member, Urban Caucus

Member, US-Mexico Friendship Caucus

Member, US-Mongolia Friendship Caucus

Co-Chair, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 2007

Education

  • JD, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1963
  • Attended, Law, Howard University, 1958-1960
  • BS, Zoology and Botany, Fisk University, 1958

Professional Experience

  • JD, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1963
  • Attended, Law, Howard University, 1958-1960
  • BS, Zoology and Botany, Fisk University, 1958
  • Circuit Court Judge, Broward County, Florida, 1977-1999
  • Judge, Southern District of Florida, United States District Court, 1979-1989

Political Experience

  • JD, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1963
  • Attended, Law, Howard University, 1958-1960
  • BS, Zoology and Botany, Fisk University, 1958
  • Circuit Court Judge, Broward County, Florida, 1977-1999
  • Judge, Southern District of Florida, United States District Court, 1979-1989
  • Representative, United States House of Representatives, Florida, District 20, 2012-present
  • Senior Democratic Whip, United States House of Representatives
  • Candidate, United States House of Representatives, Florida, District 20, 2018, 2020
  • Representative, United States House of Representatives, Florida, District 23, 1992-2012
  • Candidate, Secretary of State, State of Florida, 1990

Former Committees/Caucuses

Member, Afterschool Caucus

Member, Algae Energy Caucus

Member, Algeria Caucus

Member, Americans Abroad Caucus

Member, Bicameral Congressional Caucus on Parkinson's Disease

Member, Bipartisan Congressional Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease

Member, Bipartisan Cystic Fibrosis Caucus

Member, Caribbean Caucus

Member, Children's Caucus

Member, Coalition for Autism Research and Education

Member, Coast Guard Caucus

Member, Community College Caucus

Member, Congressional Academic Medicine Caucus

Member, Congressional Afghan Caucus

Member, Congressional Animal Protection Caucus

Member, Congressional Anti-Bullying Caucus

Member, Congressional Anti-Terrorism Caucus

Member, Congressional Army Caucus

Member, Congressional Arts Caucus

Member, Congressional Asthma and Allergy Caucus

Member, Congressional Bicameral High-Speed and Intercity Passenger Rail Caucus

Member, Congressional Black Caucus

Member, Congressional Black Caucus Energy and the Environment Taskforce

Member, Congressional Black Caucus Gaming Taskforce

Member, Congressional Boating Caucus

Member, Congressional Caucus on Foster Youth

Member, Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues

Member, Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans

Member, Congressional Caucus on Missing, Exploited and Runaway Children

Member, Congressional Caucus on the European Union

Member, Congressional Caucus on the Judicial Branch

Member, Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans

Member, Congressional Caucus on Women in the Military

Co-Founder/Co-Chair, Congressional Caucus to End Homelessness

Member, Congressional Coastal Caucus

Member, Congressional Contaminated Drywall Caucus

Member, Congressional Diabetes Caucus

Member, Congressional Fire Services Caucus

Member, Congressional French Caucus

Member, Congressional Gaming Caucus

Member, Congressional Gulf Coast Caucus

Member, Congressional Heart and Stroke Coalition

Member, Congressional HIV/AIDS Caucus

Member, Congressional Humanities Caucus

Member, Congressional Human Rights Caucus

Member, Congressional Human Trafficking Caucus

Member, Congressional Mental Health Caucus

Member, Congressional Morocco Caucus

Member, Congressional Narcotics Abuse and Control Caucus

Member, Congressional Older Americans Caucus

Member, Congressional Out of Poverty Caucus

Member, Congressional Philanthropy Caucus

Co-Chair/Co-Founder, Congressional Pollinator Protection Caucus

Member, Congressional Singapore Caucus

Member, Congressional Social Work Caucus

Member, Congressional Taiwan Caucus

Member, Congressional Task Force Against Anti-Semitism

Member, Congressional Trails Caucus

Member, Congressional Travel and Tourism Caucus

Member, Congressional TRIO Caucus

Member, Congressional Ukrainian Caucus

Member, Congressional Universal Health Care Reform Caucus

Member, Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus

Member, Congressional Zoo & Aquarium Caucus

Member, Dairy Farmers Caucus

Member, Democratic Caucus

Co-Chair, Democratic Caucus' Congressional Task Force on Job Creation

Co-Chair, Democratic Caucus’ Jobs Task Force

Member, Democratic Homeland Security Task Force

Co-chair, Democratic Israel Working Group

Former Vice Chair, Democratic Select Committee on Election Reform

Member, Democratic Select Committee on Election Reform

Member, Diversity and Innovation Caucus

Co-chair, Everglades Caucus

Chair, Florida Congressional Delegation

Member, Friends of Canada Caucus

Vice-Chair, Friends of Jordan Caucus

Member, Friends of Norway Caucus

Member, Friends of Switzerland Caucus

Co-chair, Global Road Safety Caucus

Member, Home Health Caucus

Member, House Cancer Caucus

Member, House Hunger Caucus

Member, House Special Operations Forces Caucus

Member, House Specialty Crop Caucus

Co-chair, House Sugar Caucus

Member, House Trade Working Group

Member, Housing Stabilization Task Force

Member, India Caucus

Member, International Conservation Caucus

Member, International Workers Rights Caucus

Member, Labor and Working Families Caucus

Member, Land Conservation Caucus

Member, LGBT Equality Caucus

Member, Macedonia Caucus

Member, Malaria Caucus

Member, Minor League Baseball Caucus

Member, National Eating Disorders Awareness Caucus

Member, National Marine Sanctuary Caucus

Member, National Parks Caucus

Member, Native American Caucus

Member, NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus

Former Vice Chair, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, United States House of Representatives

Member, Populist Caucus

Member, PORTS Caucus

Member, Port Security Caucus

Member, Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Caucus

Member, Rural Education Caucus

Member, Rural Health Care Coalition

Member, Sportsman's Caucus

Former Member, Subcommittee on Intelligence Community Management

Former Member, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Human Intelligence, Analysis, and Counterintelligence

Member, Sudan Caucus

Member, Tuberculosis Elimination Caucus

Co-Chair/Co-Founder, Tunisia Caucus

Member, Urban Caucus

Member, US-Mexico Friendship Caucus

Member, US-Mongolia Friendship Caucus

Co-Chair, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 2007

Current Legislative Committees

Member, Committee on Rules

Chair, Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process

Religious, Civic, and other Memberships

  • JD, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1963
  • Attended, Law, Howard University, 1958-1960
  • BS, Zoology and Botany, Fisk University, 1958
  • Circuit Court Judge, Broward County, Florida, 1977-1999
  • Judge, Southern District of Florida, United States District Court, 1979-1989
  • Representative, United States House of Representatives, Florida, District 20, 2012-present
  • Senior Democratic Whip, United States House of Representatives
  • Candidate, United States House of Representatives, Florida, District 20, 2018, 2020
  • Representative, United States House of Representatives, Florida, District 23, 1992-2012
  • Candidate, Secretary of State, State of Florida, 1990
  • Member, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
  • Member, Broward County Democratic Executive Committee
  • Member, Costeau Society
  • Member, Family Christian Association
  • Member, Florida Chapter, National Bar Association
  • Member, Helsinki Commission
  • Member, Hollywood Hills Democratic Club
  • Member, International Black Firefighters Association
  • Member, Lauderhill Democratic Club
  • Member, Miami-Dade Chamber of Commerce
  • Member, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
  • Member, National Bar Association
  • Member, National Conference of Black Lawyers
  • Member, National Organization for Women (NOW)
  • Vice President, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly
  • Member, Pembroke Pines Democratic Club
  • Member, Planned Parenthood
  • Member, Progressive Black Police Officer's Club
  • Member, Sierra Club
  • Member, Simon Wiesenthal Center
  • Member, Southern Poverty Law Center
  • Member, The Furtivist Society
  • Member, T.J. Reddick Bar Association
  • Member, Urban League
  • Member, Women and Children First, Incorporated

Other Info

Astrological Sign:

Virgo

Policy Positions

2021

Abortion

1. Do you generally support pro-choice or pro-life legislation?
- Pro-choice

Budget

1. In order to balance the budget, do you support an income tax increase on any tax bracket?
- Yes

2. Do you support expanding federal funding to support entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare?
- Yes

Campaign Finance

1. Do you support the regulation of indirect campaign contributions from corporations and unions?
- Yes

Crime

1. Do you support the protection of government officials, including law enforcement officers, from personal liability in civil lawsuits concerning alleged misconduct?
- No

Defense

Do you support increasing defense spending?
- No

Economy

1. Do you support federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

2. Do you support lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth?
- No

3. Do you support providing financial relief to businesses AND/OR corporations negatively impacted by the state of national emergency for COVID-19?
- Yes

Education

1. Do you support requiring states to adopt federal education standards?
- Yes

Energy and Environment

1. Do you support government funding for the development of renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, geo-thermal)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions?
- Yes

Guns

1. Do you generally support gun-control legislation?
- Yes

Health Care

1. Do you support repealing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")?
- No

2. Do you support requiring businesses to provide paid medical leave during public health crises, such as COVID-19?
- Yes

Immigration

1. Do you support the construction of a wall along the Mexican border?
- No

2. Do you support requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship?
- No

National Security

1. Should the United States use military force to prevent governments hostile to the U.S. from possessing a weapon of mass destruction (for example: nuclear, biological, chemical)?
- No

2. Do you support reducing military intervention in Middle East conflicts?
- Yes

Trade

Do you generally support removing barriers to international trade (for example: tariffs, quotas, etc.)?
- Yes

Congressional Election 2006 National Political Awareness Test

Abortion

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding abortion.

1. Abortions should always be illegal.
- No Answer

2. Abortions should always be legal.
- X

3. Abortions should be legal only within the first trimester of pregnancy.
- No Answer

4. Abortions should be legal when the pregnancy resulted from incest or rape.
- No Answer

5. Abortions should be legal when the life of the woman is endangered.
- No Answer

6. Prohibit public funding of abortions and to organizations that advocate or perform abortions.
- No Answer

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending, and Tax Issues, Part 1: Budget Priorities

Using the key, indicate what federal funding levels you support for the following general categories. Select one number per category, you can use a number more than once.Budget Priorities

1. Agriculture
- Maintain Status

2. Arts
- Maintain Status

3. Defense
- Maintain Status

4. Education
- Greatly Increase

5. Environment
- Slightly Increase

6. Homeland security
- Maintain Status

7. International aid
- Slightly Increase

8. Law enforcement
- Maintain Status

9. Medical research
- Greatly Increase

10. National parks
- Maintain Status

11. Public health services
- Slightly Increase

12. Scientific research
- Slightly Increase

13. Space exploration programs
- Slightly Decrease

14. Transportation and highway infrastructure
- Slightly Increase

15. Welfare
- Maintain Status

16. Emergency preparedness
- Maintain Status

17. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending, and Tax Issues, Part 2: Defense Spending

Defense Spending

1. Armed Forces personnel training
- Maintain Status

2. Intelligence operations
- Greatly Increase

3. Military hardware
- Maintain Status

4. Modernization of weaponry and equipment
- Maintain Status

5. National missile defense
- Slightly Decrease

6. Pay for active duty personnel
- Greatly Increase

7. Programs to improve troop retention rates
- Slightly Increase

8. Research and development of new weapons
- Maintain Status

9. Troop and equipment readiness
- Maintain Status

10. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

Budgetary, Spending, and Tax Issues, Part 3: Taxes (A)

Using the key above, indicate what federal tax levels you support for the following general categories. Select one number per category.TaxesIncome Taxes:Family IncomeRetiree IncomeOther Taxes:Deductions/Credits:

1. Less than $25,000
- Greatly Decrease

2. $25,000-$75,000
- Slightly Decrease

3. $75,000-$150,000
- Maintain Status

4. Over $150,000
- Slightly Increase

5. Other or expanded categories
- No Answer

6. Over $40,000
- Maintain Status

7. Alcohol taxes
- Maintain Status

8. Capital gains taxes
- Slightly Increase

9. Cigarette taxes
- Maintain Status

10. Corporate taxes
- Slightly Increase

11. Gasoline taxes
- Greatly Decrease

12. Inheritance taxes
- Maintain Status

13. Charitable contributions
- Maintain Status

14. Child tax credit
- Slightly Increase

15. Earned income tax credit
- Slightly Increase

16. Medical expense deduction
- Slightly Increase

17. Mortgage deduction
- Maintain Status

18. Student loan credit
- Slightly Increase

Budgetary, Spending, and Taxes, Part 3: Taxes (B)

1. Do you support the permanent repeal of the federal estate tax?
- No

2. Do you support making President Bush's tax cuts permanent?
- No

3. Discuss your proposals for balancing the federal budget. (75 words or less. Please use an attached page if the space below is not adequate.)
- No Answer

4. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Campaign Finance and Government Reform

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding campaign finance and government reform.

1. Support public taxpayer funding for federal candidates who comply with campaign spending limits.
- X

2. Increase the amount individuals are permitted to contribute to federal campaigns.
- X

3. Prohibit Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions to candidates for federal office.
- X

4. Allow unregulated soft money campaign contributions to political parties or committees.
- No Answer

5. Remove all contribution limits on federal campaigns and parties.
- No Answer

6. Require Section 527 organizations to register with the Federal Election Commission as Political Action Committees.
- No Answer

7. Do you support instant run-off voting?
- Yes

8. Should Election Day be a national holiday?
- Yes

9. Do you support a constitutional amendment that would define marriage as a union between a man and woman?
- No

10. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Crime

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding crime.

1. Support the use of the death penalty for federal crimes.
- X

2. Eliminate the use of the death penalty for federal crimes.
- No Answer

3. Support programs to provide prison inmates with educational, vocational and job-related skills and job-placement assistance when released.
- X

4. Support programs to provide prison inmates with drug and alcohol addiction treatment.
- X

5. Reduce prison sentences for those who commit non-violent crimes.
- No Answer

6. Require that crimes based on gender, sexual orientation, and disability be prosecuted as federal hate crimes.
- X

7. Impose stricter penalties for those convicted of corporate crimes.
- No Answer

8. Minors accused of a violent crime should be prosecuted as adults.
- No Answer

9. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Drug

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding drugs.

1. Support mandatory jail sentences for selling illegal drugs.
- No Answer

2. Expand federally sponsored drug education and drug treatment programs.
- X

3. Decriminalize the possession of small amounts of marijuana.
- No Answer

4. Allow doctors to recommend marijuana to their patients for medicinal purposes.
- X

5. Increase border security to stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States.
- X

6. Eliminate federal funding for programs associated with the "war on drugs."
- No Answer

7. Support a federal law to standardize testing and penalties for steroid use in professional sports.
- No Answer

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Education

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding education.

1. Support national standards for and testing of public school students.
- No Answer

2. Allow parents to use vouchers, (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any public school.
- No Answer

3. Allow parents to use vouchers, (equal opportunity scholarships) to send their children to any private or religious school.
- No Answer

4. Allow teachers and professionals to receive authorization and funding to establish charter schools.
- No Answer

5. Reward teachers with merit pay for working in low-income schools.
- X

6. Increase funding for school capital improvements (e.g. buildings, infrastructure, technology).
- X

7. Support affirmative action in public college admissions.
- X

8. Increase funding of programs such as Pell grants and Stafford loans to help students pay for college.
- X

9. Support federal tax incentives to help families save for college.
- X

10. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Employment and Affirmative Action

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding employment.2) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding affirmative action.

1. Increase funding for national job-training programs that re-train displaced workers or teach skills needed in today's job market.
- X

2. Reduce government regulation of the private sector in order to encourage investment and economic expansion.
- No Answer

3. Provide tax credits or grants to businesses that offer child care services to employees.
- X

4. Encourage employers to offer flex-time scheduling, comp-time, and unpaid leave for family emergencies.
- X

5. Eliminate all federal programs designed to reduce unemployment.
- No Answer

6. Increase the federal minimum wage.
- X

7. Support the right of workers to strike without fear of being permanently replaced.
- X

8. Include sexual orientation in federal anti-discrimination laws.
- X

9. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

10. The federal government should consider race and gender in government contracting decisions.
- X

11. The federal government should discontinue affirmative action programs.
- No Answer

12. The federal government should continue affirmative action programs.
- X

Environment and Energy

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding the environment and energy.

1. Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Water Act.
- X

2. Strengthen the regulation and enforcement of the Clean Air Act.
- X

3. Support Clear Skies Act to reduce power plant emissions by setting a national cap on pollutants.
- X

4. Require states to compensate citizens when environmental regulations limit uses of privately-owned land.
- No Answer

5. Relax logging restrictions on federal lands.
- No Answer

6. Relax standards on federal lands to allow increased recreational usage.
- No Answer

7. Support increased development of traditional energy resources (e.g. coal, natural gas, oil).
- No Answer

8. Strengthen emission controls and fuel efficiency standards on all gasoline and diesel-powered engines, including cars, trucks, and sport utility vehicles.
- X

9. Support opening a portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for oil exploration.
- No Answer

10. Encourage further development and use of alternative fuels to reduce pollution.
- X

11. Support the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel.
- X

12. Allow energy producers to trade pollution credits.
- X

13. Support the Kyoto Protocol to limit global warming.
- X

14. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Gun

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding guns.

1. Reauthorize the ban on the sale or transfer of semi-automatic guns, except those used for hunting.
- X

2. Maintain and strengthen the current level of enforcement of existing federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- X

3. Ease federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- No Answer

4. Repeal federal restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.
- No Answer

5. Allow citizens to carry concealed guns.
- No Answer

6. Require background checks on gun sales between private citizens at gun shows.
- X

7. Require a license for gun possession.
- X

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Health

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding health care.

1. Providing health care is not a responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

2. Implement a universal health care program to guarantee coverage to all Americans regardless of income.
- X

3. Expand eligibility for tax-free medical savings accounts.
- No Answer

4. Establish limits on the amount of punitive damages awarded in medical malpractice lawsuits.
- No Answer

5. Support expanding prescription drug coverage under Medicare.
- X

6. Offer tax credits to individuals and small businesses to offset the cost of insurance coverage.
- X

7. Support automatic enrollment of children in federal health care programs such as CHIP and Medicaid.
- X

8. Support stem cell research on existing lines of stem cells.
- X

9. Allow laboratories to create new lines of stem cells for additional research.
- X

10. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Immigration

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding immigration.

1. Decrease the number of legal immigrants allowed into the country.
- No Answer

2. Establish English as the official national language.
- No Answer

3. Support a temporary worker program that would enable illegal immigrants to work in the United States legally.
- X

4. Relax restrictions barring legal immigrants from using government funded social programs (e.g. public housing, food stamps).
- X

5. Support amnesty for illegal immigrants already working in the United States.
- No Answer

6. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy, and Trade Issues, Part 1: International Aid

International AidIndicate which principles you support (if any) regarding United States economic assistance.

1. Aid should be granted to countries when extraordinary circumstances cause disaster and threaten civilian lives.
- X

2. Aid should be granted to countries when it is in the security interests of the United States.
- X

3. Aid should be eliminated for any nation with documented human rights abuses.
- No Answer

4. International Aid programs should be scaled back and eventually eliminated.
- No Answer

5. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

International Aid, International Policy, and Trade Issues, Part 2: International Policy

International Policy1) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding the Middle East.2) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding Central and East Asia.3) Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding the United Nations.

1. Should the United States continue to provide leadership in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process?
- Yes

2. Should the United States support the creation of a Palestinian state?
- Yes

3. Should the United States withdraw its troops from Iraq?
- No Answer

4. Should the United States send more troops to Iraq?
- No Answer

5. Discuss your proposals for an exit strategy in Iraq. (75 words or less. Please use an attached page if the space below is not adequate.)
- No Answer

6. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

7. Should the United States use diplomatic and economic pressure to encourage North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons program?
- Yes

8. Should the United States use military force to dismantle the North Korean nuclear weapons program?
- No Answer

9. Should the United States remove the North Korean government from power?
- No Answer

10. Should the United States increase financial support to Afghanistan?
- Yes

11. Should the United States increase military support to Afghanistan?
- Yes

12. Should the United States maintain its financial support of the United Nations?
- Yes

13. Should the United States decrease its financial support of the United Nations?
- No

14. Should the United States commit troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions?
- Yes

15. Should the United States lift the travel ban to Cuba?
- No

16. Should the United States increase its financial support to Colombia to combat "the war on drugs?"
- Yes

17. Should aid to African nations for AIDS prevention programs fund distribution of contraceptives?
- Yes

18. Should aid to African nations for AIDS prevention programs fund abstinence education?
- Yes

International Aid, International Policy, and Trade Issues, Part 3: International Trade

International TradeIndicate which principles you support (if any) regarding international trade.

1. Do you support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
- No

2. Do you support the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)?
- No

3. Do you support the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
- Yes

4. Do you support continued U.S. membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
- Yes

5. Should a nation's human rights record affect its normal trade relations (most favored nation) status with the United States?
- Yes

6. Do you support the trade embargo against Cuba?
- Yes

7. Should trade agreements include provisions to address environmental concerns and to protect workers' rights?
- Yes

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

National Security

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding national security.

1. Do you support using military tribunals to try suspected terrorists when ordinary civilian courts are deemed inappropriate or impractical?
- Yes

2. Should the United States grant law enforcement agencies greater discretion to read mail and email, tap phones, and conduct random searches to prevent future terrorist attacks?
- No

3. Should the United States hold foreign states accountable for terrorists who operate in their country?
- Yes

4. Should the federal government increase funding to states and cities for homeland security?
- Yes

5. Do you support the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment of prisoners in U.S. custody?
- Yes

6. Do you support a policy of pre-emptive military strikes against countries deemed to be a threat to U.S. national security?
- No Answer

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Social Security

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding Social Security.

1. Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts which they manage themselves.
- No Answer

2. Allow workers to invest a portion of their payroll tax in private accounts managed by private firms contracted by the government.
- No Answer

3. Invest a portion of Social Security assets collectively in stocks and bonds instead of United States Treasury securities.
- No Answer

4. Increase the payroll tax to better finance Social Security in its current form.
- No Answer

5. Lower the annual cost-of-living increases.
- No Answer

6. Raise the retirement age for individual eligibility to receive full Social Security benefits.
- No Answer

7. Other of expanded principles
- No Answer

Technology and Communication

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding technology and communication.

1. Collect taxes on commercial Internet transactions.
- X

2. Continue the moratorium on Internet taxation.
- No Answer

3. Implement government regulation of Internet content.
- No Answer

4. Support government mandates to curtail violent and sexual content on television.
- No Answer

5. Support strict penalties for Internet crimes (e.g. hacking, identity theft, worms/viruses).
- X

6. Support legislation to detail how personal information can be collected and used on the Internet.
- X

7. Regulating the Internet is not a responsibility of the federal government.
- No Answer

8. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Welfare and Poverty

Indicate which principles you support (if any) regarding welfare and poverty.

1. Require welfare recipients to spend at least 40 hours a week in a combination of work and training programs.
- No Answer

2. Increase funding for child care programs.
- X

3. Continue to give states and local governments flexibility in and responsibility for welfare programs through federal block grants.
- X

4. Direct federal poverty aid through religious, community-based, or other non-profit organizations.
- X

5. Abolish all federal welfare programs.
- No Answer

6. Support housing assistance for welfare recipients.
- X

7. Other or expanded principles
- No Answer

Legislative Priorities

On an attached page, disk, or via email, please explain in a total of 75 words or less, your top two or three priorities if elected. If they require additional funding for implementation, please explain how you would obtain this funding.
- No Answer

2019

Abortion

1. Do you generally support pro-choice or pro-life legislation?
- Pro-choice

Budget

1. In order to balance the budget, do you support an income tax increase on any tax bracket?
- Yes

2. In order to balance the budget, do you support reducing defense spending?
- Yes

Campaign Finance

1. Do you support the regulation of indirect campaign contributions from corporations and unions?
- Yes

Economy

1. Do you support federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth?
- Yes

2. Do you support lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth?
- No

Education

1. Do you support requiring states to adopt federal education standards?
- Yes

Energy & Environment

1. Do you support government funding for the development of renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind, thermal)?
- Yes

2. Do you support the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions?
- Yes

Guns

1. Do you generally support gun-control legislation?
- Yes

Health Care

1. Do you support repealing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")?
- No

Immigration

1. Do you support the construction of a wall along the Mexican border?
- No

2. Do you support requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship?
- No

Marijuana

Do you support the legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes?
- Unknown Position

National Security

1. Should the United States use military force in order to prevent governments hostile to the U.S. from possessing a nuclear weapon?
- No

2. Do you support increased American intervention in Middle Eastern conflicts beyond air support?
- No

Congress Bills
Speeches
Articles

1989 impeachment and conviction

Jan. 1, 1900

In 1981, while serving on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Alcee Hastings was indicted by a federal grand jury. He was charged with conspiracy and obstruction of justice for receiving a bribe to reduce two sentences for felons with mob connections. Though he was acquitted in 1983, a special committee of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals conducted an investigation and recommended in 1987 that Hastings be impeached for perjury and conspiracy. In 1989, the U.S. Senate tried Hastings on 17 counts of perjury and bribery, finding him guilty on eight counts. The Senate voted to remove Hastings from the district court bench, but he was not disqualified from holding office in the future.