2012 Aaron Schock endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election.

On January 28, 2014, National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) Chairman Greg Walden announced that Schock was selected as the host of the NRCC's annual March dinner, the NRCC's biggest fundraising event of the year.

In March 2015, the Office of Congressional Ethics began interviews with Schock's associates and campaign staffers following media reports alleging that his campaign had misreported spending and that he had used campaign and office funds for personal expenditures. On March 17, 2015, Schock announced his resignation effective March 31. Schock was indicted on 24 criminal counts including fraud and theft of government funds on November 10, 2016. The case experienced several delays, including from a change of venue from the Central to the Northern District of Illinois and the removal of several prosecutors and Judge Colin Stirling Bruce in separate instances of misconduct. On March 6, 2019, Schock and the prosecution reached a deferred prosecution agreement. Among the agreement's terms was a requirement that Schock reimburse his campaign $68,000. The campaign pleaded guilty to a campaign finance reporting misdemeanor and was fined just over $26,000. The agreement called for the charges against Schock to be dropped in six months if he was found to be in compliance. On September 4, 2019, United States District Court Judge Matthew Kennelly ordered the corruption charges dismissed.